Ariyasacca, the Four Noble Truths. The text describes about Dukkha Ariyasacca means the truths of suffering which is the first Noble Truth, the state of unsatisfactoriness. Dukkha includes: Birth is suffering; aging is suffering; death is suffering; sorrow is suffering; lamentation is suffering; pain is suffering; grief, and despair are suffering; association with the unbeloved is suffering; separation from the loved is suffering; not getting what is want is suffering. In short, the five clinging-aggregates are suffering.